Objective To investigate the current situation of dengue fever prevention and control at construction sites in Longgang District, Shenzhen, China, and to propose targeted prevention and control suggestions. Methods A field survey on mosquito density and breeding sites was conducted in September 2023 to investigate the Breteau index, the types of mosquito breeding sites, and the rate of mosquito density exceeding the standard at construction sites, and to analyze the influence of mosquito control measures and regulations and the management's knowledge of dengue fever prevention and control on the control of vector mosquitoes at construction sites. The Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used to compare the rates, and the changes in rates were tested by the Chi-square test for trend. Results A total of 48 construction sites, 30 sheds, and 41 basements were investigated. The average Breteau index values of the sheds and basements were 4.62 and 4.51, respectively, and the mosquito density below the standard limit of the sheds by 33.33 % and of the basement by 31.71 %. The shed-related breeding places mainly included standing water around domestic waste, standing water around construction waste, and domestic water storage containers, and the basement-related breeding places mainly included low-lying standing water on the ground, drainage ditches, and shafts. For dengue prevention and control requirements, 14.58 % of the site managers had a good knowledge, 79.17 % had a fair knowledge, and 6.25 % had no knowledge. A higher level of knowledge of dengue prevention and control of site managers was associated with a higher rate of mosquito density reaching the standard at construction sites (the Chi-square test for trend, χ ²=5.070, P=0.038). Regular mosquito control was conducted at 95.83 % of the construction sites (once every two weeks or more, 68.78 %; once every one or two months, 27.08 %); 43.75 % of the construction sites did not regularly apply sustained-release larvicides to standing water, with the rate of mosquito density reaching the standard being 45.00 %, and the remaining 56.25 % sites regularly used sustained-release larvicides, with the rate of mosquito density reaching the standard being 77.77 %, showing a significant difference between the two ( χ ²=5.347, P=0.032). Conclusions The construction sites in Longgang District are densely populated and the density of vector mosquitoes is high, indicating a high risk of dengue fever outbreaks. The site management should pay attention to the prevention and control of dengue fever, and reduce the risk of transmission of dengue fever through environmental modification and the use of mosquito larvae control pesticides.

Objective To investigate the knowledge and preventive behaviors regarding dengue fever prevention and control as well as the influencing factors among college students and faculty in Guangzhou City, China, so as to provide scientific evidence for effective implementation of dengue fever prevention and control measures in higher-education institutions. Methods The multi-stage convenience sampling method was adopted to select 5 527 students and 1 470 faculty members from 19 higher-education institutions in Guangzhou for an anonymous self-administered electronic questionnaire survey. SPSS 22.0 software was used for descriptive and statistical analyses. The Chi-square test was used to compare rates and proportions. The logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors affecting dengue fever prevention and control knowledge awareness and behavior practice. Results The overall awareness rate of dengue fever prevention and control knowledge among college students and faculty in Guangzhou was 53.14 % (students, 47.82 %; faculty, 73.13 %). The overall practice rate of dengue fever prevention behaviors was 64.47 % (students, 62.55 %; faculty, 71.70 %). According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis, among the surveyed students, age, major, and hometown were influencing factors for the awareness of dengue fever prevention and control knowledge, and sex, hometown, grade, and knowledge of dengue fever prevention and control were found to influence the practice of preventive behaviors; among the surveyed faculty members, sex and job position were factors affecting dengue fever knowledge awareness, and knowledge of dengue fever prevention and control, years of work experience, and job position were factors influencing the practice of preventive behaviors. Conclusions Dengue fever prevention and control knowledge awareness rate and preventive behavior practice rate among college students and faculty in Guangzhou are relatively low. Higher-education schools should strengthen related health education and health promotion activities for students and faculty, and foster the orderly implementation of dengue fever prevention and control measures.

Objective To investigate the current status of insecticide resistance of Anopheles sinensis in China-Myanmar border areas, so as to provide scientific basis for vector control in this region after malaria elimination in China. Methods From July 4 to 26, 2023, in Tengchong City, Cangyuan Wa Autonomous County (Cangyuan), and Yingjiang County along the China-Myanmar border, one natural villages each suitable for An. sinensis breeding were selected as investigation points. At each survey point, no less than 800 female blood-sucking An. sinensis mosquitoes were collected and brought back to the laboratory, and on the following day, mosquito resistance to nine insecticides was measured using the WHO tube test. Blank control were set up, and three replicates were conducted for each dose of insecticides. The contact time of the insecticide, the first mosquito strike time, the 60 min mosquito strike count, and the number of mosquito deaths at 24 h were recorded. The mean first knockdown time, knockdown rate at 60 min, median knockdown time (KT ₅₀), and 24 h corrected mortality were caculated. The Chi-square test was used to compare the 24 h corrected mortality of test insects for each insecticide at the three survey sites. The reference insecticides and the WHO-recommended tubes were both provided by the department of vector biology and control, national institute for communicable disease control and prevention, Chinese center for disease control and prevention. Results The resistance of a total of 2 224 An. sinensis mosquitoes were measured at three surveillance counties to nine insecticides including 0.05 % deltamethrin, 0.15 % lambda-cyhalothrin, 0.15 % beta-cyfluthrin, 5 % malathion, 0.5 % permethrin, 1 % fenitrothion, 0.1 % bendiocarb, 0.1 % propoxur, and 0.06 % fipronil. At Cangyuan survey point, the 24 h average corrected mortality rates of An. sinensis adults were 25.68 %, 26.58 %, 46.67 %, 100 %, 39.19 %, 86.75 %, 55.29 %, 35.96 %, and 25.40 % for the nine insecticides, respectively; at Tengchong survey point, the 24 h average corrected mortality rates were 40.40 %, 44.58 %, 34.74 %, 96.05 %, 5.00 %, 97.00 %, 44.19 %, 27.96 %, and 63.41 %, respectively; at Yingjiang survey point, the 24 h average corrected mortality rates were 39.73 %, 49.41 %, 53.95 %, 100 %, 26.47 %, 100 %, 91.67 %, 100 %, and 43.37 %, respectively. There were significant differences in the 24 h average corrected mortality rate between the three surveillance points for seven insecticides, including 0.15 % lambda-cyhalothrin, 0.15 % beta-cyfluthrin, 0.5 % permethrin, 1 % fenitrothion, 0.1 % bendiocarb, 0.1 % propoxur, and 0.06 % fipronil (all P<0.05). Conclusions In the surveyed areas along the China-Myanmar border, An. sinensis has developed resistance to multiple insecticides, and the use of insecticides should be adjusted according to surveillance results to delay the occurence and development of insecticide resistance while effectively controlling the malaria vectors.

Objective To investigate the pyrethroid resistance and the knockdown resistance mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene ( VGSC) of field populations of Aedes albopictus in the central urban areas of Zhongshan,Guangdong Province,China in 2020,so as to provide a reference for effective vector control. Methods Aedes adults and larvae were collected from five different habitats in urban area of Zhongshan from July to October, 2020. After laboratory rearing,female adult mosquitoes of Ae.albopictus were selected for pyrethroid resistance testing using the World Health Organization tube bioassay. The VGSC gene fragments of Ae. albopictus in Zhongshan were amplified for sequencing using polymerase chain reaction. SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis. The Chi-square R×C contingency table test or Fisher's exact test was used for multi-group comparison,and the Bonferroni test was used for pairwise comparison. Results The 24 h mortality of field populations of Ae. albopictus was 9.48 %-50.82 % for 0.03 % deltamethrin,6.89 %-40.69 % for 0.08 % alpha-cypermethrin,2.61 %-38.13 % for 0.07 % lambda-cyhalothrin,0.88 %-50.00 % for 0.4 % permethrin,and 17.95 %-94.00 % for 0.4 % beta-cypermethrin. All the populations of Ae. albopictus showed resistance to the five pyrethroid insecticides,except for the Jinzishan population with suspected resistance to 0.4 % cypermethrin. A total of 318 Ae. albopictus mosquitoes were tested for VGSC gene variants,detecting mutations at locus 1534 and no mutation at locus 1532. There were four mutant alleles at locus 1534,including TTG/L (most frequent,57.23 %),TCC/S,TCG/S,and TGC/C. There were nine genotypes at locus 1534:wild-type homozygous TTC/TTC (F/F);wild/mutant-type heterozygous TTC/TCC (F/S),TTC/TCG (F/S),TTC/TTG (F/L),and TTC/TGC (F/C);mutant homozygous TTG/TTG (L/L),TCC/TCG (S/S),and TCC/TCC (S/S);and mutant heterozygous TTG/TCC (L/S). The mutant homozygote L/L accounted for the highest proportion of 41.82 %. Conclusions Field Ae. albopictus populations in central urban area of Zhongshan have developed high resistance to pyrethroids. In order to reduce the risk of mosquito-borne diseases, it is necessary to continue to monitor insecticide resistance, and take targeted control measures according to resistance status.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of five types of infections with zoonotic bacterial pathogens ( Bartonella, Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Leptospira, and Babesia) in pet dogs in Changzhi, Shanxi Province, China. Methods Anticoagulant blood samples from pet dogs were collected to detect Babesia (by conventional PCR) and Bartonella, Bor. burgdorferi, A. phagocytophilum, and Leptospira (by quantitative PCR). Positive PCR products were sequenced for analysis. The infection rates between groups were compared using Fisher's exact test. Results A total of 98 blood samples from pet dogs were collected, with 4 of 98 samples (4.08 %) positive for Bartonella, 3 of 98 (3.06 %) positive for Bor. burgdorferi, 7 of 98 (7.14 %) positive for A. phagocytophilum, 3 of 98 (3.06 %) positive for Babesia, and none positive for Leptospira. There was no significant difference in the detection rate of any pathogen between dogs of different sexes, ages, and vaccination status (Fisher's exact test, P>0.05). Two pet dogs had mixed infections, with Bartonella and A. phagocytophilum in one dog and Bor. burgdorferi and A. phagocytophilum in the other one. Two samples positive for Babesia were sequenced successfully, and phylogenetic analysis showed that they were both Bab. gibsoni. Conclusions Multiple zoonotic bacterial pathogens are prevalent in pet dogs in Changzhi, Shanxi Province, which may infect humans and animals. It is necessary to strengthen the management of pet dogs and their epidemic diseases in this area.

Objective To establish a route sampling method based on Monte Carlo simulation with the use of software programming, and to preliminarily analyze the effects of different route sampling methods on the mosquito monitoring results by the route index method. Methods The Python 3.80 software was used to create Monte Carlo simulations of the walking paths of monitoring personnel for route index mosquito monitoring in various residential areas. The simulations were performed with random route sampling and spatially stratified route sampling separately, and 1 000 different routes were simulated for each preset termination value. Excel 2019 software was used for data entry and arrangement. The route index, absolute error and variance of the simulation monitoring results were calculated, and the number of buildings sampled in the study area was counted. SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis. The data used for Monte Carlo simulations were the standing water data obtained from a survey of Aedes albopictus breeding sites in a large residential area (402 000 m ²) in Shanghai by visual inspection in May and July 2023. Results Based on the survey results of mosquito breeding sites in May and July 2023 in the study area, Monte Carlo simulation was carried out with the termination presets of 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 households within the buffer zone. The simulation results show that the sampling probability of each building in the study area is not the same when sampling with random path, and the sampling times of the middle buildings are more. With the increase of sample size, the absolute error and variance decrease gradually. The comparison between the two sampling methods showed that when the sample size was the same, the efficiency of spatially stratified sampling was all greater than 1.25, indicating spatially stratified sampling showed higher efficiency than random route sampling. Conclusions A research method for route sampling was developed based on Monte Carlo simulation by using Python to simulate physical walking, and the optimizing walking paths can improve the sampling efficiency for the route index method. The route index method based on spatially stratified sampling can obtain the more representative Ae. albopictus monitoring results.

Objective To investigate the microhabitat selection for burrows of Spermophilus erythrogenys and the effects of major environmental factors in the Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve, China. Methods In the spring and summer of 2019, 52 active burrows of S. erythrogenys and 55 control quadrats were investigated with each quadrat measuring 5 m×5 m, for comparisons of habitat factors such as elevation, slope, the number of plant species, vegetation coverage, and biomass. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on the numerical ecological factor data, and the difference of ecological factors was determined by Mann-Whitey U test or independent sample t-test. The correlation analysis between the two level variables was carried out on the non-numerical ecological factor data. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to determine the habitat factors that played a major role in the selection of microhabitats in S. erythrogenys. Results The main factors affecting microhabitat selection of S. erythrogenys in the burrowing area were elevation and the soil moisture content (all P<0.01). The principal component analysis showed that the environmental factors influencing S. erythrogenys burrow microhabitat selection were vegetation coverage (weight coefficient=0.920), herb coverage (weight coefficient=0.863), shrub coverage (weight coefficient=0.778), and the number of shrub species (weight coefficient=0.768). Conclusions S. erythrogenys prefers microhabitats of high elevation, low soil moisture content, and the flat beach type as burrows. The results of this study can provide an important theoretical basis for the scientific control of S. erythrogenys.

Objective To investigate the individual and interactive impact of various factors (including meteorological conditions, the normalized difference vegetation index[NDVI], and flea index) on the population density of Meriones unguiculatus in Xilingol League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. Methods The data of M. unguiculatus density and body flea index as well as meteorological and NDVI data in Xilingol League from 2012 to 2021 were collected. Generalized additive models were employed to analyze the factors influencing the gerbil density with R 4.2.2 software. Results The density of M. unguiculatus exhibited a significant temporal trend ( F=3.129, P=0.004). Significant nonlinear negative effects on M. unguiculatus density were observed for the flea index ( F=1.833, P=0.044) and monthly average relative humidity ( F=2.949, P=0.011). Lag-3-month monthly average minimum temperature had a significant nonlinear positive effect on the gerbil density ( F=2.418, P=0.032):with rising monthly average minimum temperature, the gerbil density initially increased, then declined, and increased again. A linear positive correlation existed between lag-1-month monthly average sunshine duration and the gerbil density ( F=7.876, P=0.005). Lag-2-month monthly average air pressure and the gerbil density showed an inverted U-shaped relationship ( F=4.752, P=0.002), which was positive when monthly average air pressure was <880 hPa and negative otherwise. Interactive effects were found between the flea index and lag-3-month monthly average minimum temperature ( F=2.689, P=0.009) and between the flea index and monthly average relative humidity ( F=2.644, P=0.017) on the gerbil density. Conclusion The flea index, monthly average minimum temperature, monthly average relative humidity, monthly average sunshine duration, and monthly average air pressure can influence the density of M. unguiculatus, and lag effects and interactive effects exist among these influencing factors.

Objective To investigate the individual and interactive effects of meteorological factors on rodent density in Ordos, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. Methods The data on rodent density in Ordos from 2013 to 2021 were collected. The individual and interactive effects of meteorological factors on rodent density were analyzed using a generalized additive model. Results From 2013 to 2021, rodent density in Ordos showed an overall decreasing trend over the years. Rodent density showed nonlinear relationships with monthly average temperature and average air pressure at lag 2 months,and had a linear relationship with the average sunshine duration of the same month. The population density of Meriones meridianus exhibited a nonlinear relationship with monthly average temperature,which decreased with rising temperatures in a fluctuating pattern,with a minor peak around 12 ℃, reaching the lowest around 18 ℃, then followed by a rapid increase. As the average air pressure increased, the density of M. meridianus first increased and then declined, reaching its peak at approximately 864 hPa. There was a positive linear relationship between the density of M. meridianus and monthly average sunshine duration. Monthly average temperature at lag 2 months interacted with monthly cumulative precipitation in the same period and average sunshine duration in the current month. At an appropriate temperature (approximately 12 ℃) at lag 2 months, an intense precipitation and a shorter monthlyaverage sunshine duration in the current month favored an increase in the density of M. meridianus. Conclusion Monthly average sunshine duration, monthly average temperature, and monthly average air pressure have linear and nonlinear effects on M. meridianus density, and there is interaction between the meteorological factors.

Objective To investigate the disease distribution characteristics and Leishmania infection status of its hosts and vectors of canine-type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in Jingxing County, Hebei Province, China, and to propose targeted control measures to effectively eliminate the epidemic. Methods The data of human kala-azar cases reported in Hebei Province during 2019 to 2023 were collected from the Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System of China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to retrospectively analyze the temporal, spatial, and population distributions of human kala-azar with Excel 2017. From February to September 2022, blood samples of all dogs in townships where kala-azar cases were reported were collected, and serum antibodies to Leishmania were examined using rk39 immunochromatographic strips; the antibody-positive rate was calculated and compared between different townships using the Chi-square test with the use of SPSS 25 software. From May to September 2022, sandflies were monitored using the lamp trap method in the poultry sheds or livestock farms of the reported patients, and pathogen classification and identification were performed. Results A total of 32 confirmed cases of kala-azar were reported in Jingxing County, including 23 males and 8 females (sex ratio:2.9:1). All the cases lived in rural areas, 84.38 % of them were farmers, and 81.25 % of them were middle-aged and elderly people over 40 years old. A total of 683 canine blood samples were collected from six townships of Jingxing County, 219 of which were positive for anti- Leishmania antibodies, with a positive rate of 32.01 %. The positive rate of anti- Leishmania antibodies in dogs was significantly different in different townships ( χ ²=15.609, P=0.008). A total of 852 Phlebotomus chinensis sandflies were captured in Jingxing County, including 665 females and 187 males, with a mean density of 15.07 individuals/lamp·night. Conclusions The epidemic situation of kala-azar in Jingxing county is in the early stage of development. According to the epidemic factors of kala-azar in this area, comprehensive control measures such as personal protection, vector control and pest host control should be taken.

Objective To analyze the disease distribution characteristics of scrub typhus in Yunnan Province, China from 2013 to 2022, so as to provide scientific evidence for formulating prevention and control strategies for scrub typhus. Methods By using descriptive epidemiological methods and visual analysis in ArcGIS 10.3 software, the data about scrub typhus in Yunnan Province from 2013 to 2022 were systematically analyzed to determine the epidemiological characteristics, spatiotemporal distribution, and high-risk areas of scrub typhus in Yunnan Province. Results A total of 69 246 cases of scrub typhus were reported in Yunnan Province from 2013 to 2022, including 19 deaths. The average annual incidence rate was 14.58/100 000. The annual incidence rate showed a rapid increase over the years, from 5.95/100 000 in 2013 to 25.53/100 000 in 2022 ( χ ² _trend=30.573, P<0.001). The fatality rate was 0.036 %. The number of affected counties or districts increased from 70 in 2013 to 97 in 2022. The top three regions by incidence rate were the Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture (10 906, 85.14/100 000), Lincang (13 677, 55.67/100 000), and Baoshan (13 406, 52.44/100 000). The average annual growth rate of new cases was 17.82 %. The top three regions by average annual growth rate were the Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture (84.15 %), Qujing City (48.91 %), and the Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture (45.12 %). In 2013, the areas with high incidence were mainly concentrated in the western and central part of Yunnan Province, but since 2019, the hotspots gradually spread to the southeastern part. In general, the incidence of scrub typhus was higher in males ( χ ²=332.635, P<0.001). The cases were more in the age group of 0-<5 and 50-<55 years accounting for 11.05 % and 11.19 %, respectively, more among farmers, and more in summer and autumn. The cases were mainly reported by county/district-level hospitals (56.44 %). The median time from disease onset to diagnosis was 4 days. Hospitals at higher levels were associated with a shorter time from onset to diagnosis ( H=15.924, P<0.001). Clinically diagnosed cases accounted for 96.06 % of the total number. Conclusions The incidence of scrub typhus has shown an increasing trend in Yunnan Province, and tended to spread from western and central regions to southeastern regions. Scrub typhus occurs frequently in May and June, and is more prevalent in middle-aged and elderly female farmers. In recent years, the number of cases reported by township-level hospitals has increased remarkably. It is necessary to strengthen training of primary care doctors and health education for residents and tourists.

Objective To analyze the disease distribution characteristics of scrub typhus in Nanfeng County, Jiangxi Province, China, so as to provide a scientific basis for developing rational and effective prevention and control measures to prevent and control scrub typhus. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were employed to analyze the data about scrub typhus reported cases in Nanfeng County from 2010 to 2022. The incidence, distribution (by time, space, and population), and trend of scrub typhus were analyzed by using seasonal decomposition analysis, joinpoint regression analysis, the Cochran-Armitage test for trend, Pearson's Chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test. Results From 2010 to 2022, a total of 1 548 cases of scrub typhus were reported in Nanfeng County, with an average annual incidence rate of 42.54/100 000. The reported cases were predominantly farmers. In the age group of >30-70 years, the incidence rate was significantly higher in women than in men ( χ ²=49.797, P<0.001); but there was no significant difference in the age group of >30-40 years ( χ ²=1.885, P=0.170), while women aged >40-70 years had a high incidence rate. The joinpoint regression analysis indicated an overall upward trend in the annual average incidence rate of scrub typhus (average annual percent change=18.25 %). The seasonal decomposition analysis revealed significant seasonality of scrub typhus, with double peaks in summer (June to August) and autumn and winter (September to December). The annual average incidence rates of townships could be divided into three stages:low-level epidemic stage between 2010 and 2013 (≤ 5.00/100 000), high-level epidemic stage between 2014 and 2018 (>10.00/100 000), and fluctuation stage between 2019 and 2022 (≤ 10.00/100 000). Conclusions The incidence of scrub typhus is relatively high in Nanfeng County. During epidemic seasons, health promotion and education should be strengthened for key populations to reduce the incidence of scrub typhus.

Objective To investigate the density of the dengue vector Aedes larvae and its change over time in Jiangxi Province, China, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of dengue fever. Methods During May to October in 2015-2022, the density of Aedes larvae was monitored using the Breteau index (BI) method at 13 dengue vector surveillance sites in the province. R 4.3.1 software was used for data analysis. The container index (CI) for different container types was compared using the t test. The correlation between CI and house index (HI) and BI was determined through Pearson correlation analysis. The changes in annual average CI for different container types were analyzed using the Cochran-Armitage test for trend. Joinpoint 5.0.2 software was used to test the trend in annual average BI. Results From 2015 to 2022, the BI of Ae. albopictus larvae ranged from 5.88 to 15.36, CI ranged from 6.84 % to 17.10 %, and HI ranged from 4.73 % to 10.69 %. Except for a slight increase in 2016, the annual average BI in Jiangxi Province showed a downward trend as a whole. The CI of temporary containers showed a downward trend ( Z=-18.514, P<0.001), and the overall level was higher than that of permanent containers ( t=-2.739, P=0.029). The seasonal fluctuation of Aedes larvae showed a unimodal distribution, in which BI mainly peaked during May to June and then declined in every year. CI and HI showed basically the same changing trends as BI, and the correlation coefficients were 0.827 ( P<0.001) and 0.916 ( P<0.001), respectively. The annual average BI in northern and southern Jiangxi Province were higher than that in central Jiangxi Province. The monthly average BI was >10 from May to August and 5-10 from September to October. The number of surveillance sites with BI exceeding the transmission threshold was largest in 2019, and the number of surveillance sites with BI exceeding the transmission threshold was largest in June. Conclusions The overall density of Ae. albopictus in Jiangxi Province shows a downward trend, but there is still a risk of local transmission of dengue fever. It is necessary to strengthen integrated control against Ae. albopictus to reduce the risk of dengue outbreaks.

Objective To analyze the changes in plague host animals and vector populations in Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China, so as to provide data support for plague prevention and control. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the distribution of plague hosts and vectors based on the surveillance data in Wenzhou from 2013 to 2022. The rates between groups were compared using the Chi-square test. The flea index distribution between groups was compared using the Kruskal-Wallis H test. The temporal trend of the flea index was determined using the Mann-Kendall trend test. The temporal trends of the flea infestation rate and small mammals capture rate were determined using the Cochran-Armitage trend test. Results From 2013 to 2022, a total of 37 851 small mammals were captured in Wenzhou, belonging to 15 species, 11 genera, 4 families, and 3 orders. The overall capture rate was 9.44 %. Suncus murinus (48.98 %), Rattus norvegicus (29.03 %), and R. tanezumi (9.32 %) were the dominant species. From 2013 to 2022, the capture rate of S. murinus showed an upward trend ( Z=-27.408, P<0.001), while the capture rates of R. norvegicus and R. tanezumi showed a downward trend (both P<0.001). A total of 17 144 small mammals were combed, and fleas were detected in 629 small mammals (3.67 %). The total number of fleas collected was 1 962, and the flea index was 0.11. The flea infestation rate between different small mammals was significantly different ( χ ²=875.254, P<0.001). A total of 33 761 animals were dissected, and no Yersinia pestis was detected and all negative for a total of 36 958 serum samples. Conclusions Epizootic plague in Wenzhou is at a resting state, but the risk of plague spread remains existing. It is necessary to further strengthen plague surveillance and emergency preparedness and response.

Objective To investigate the density distribution and spatiotemporal aggregation of Aedes albopictus in Songjiang District, Shanghai, China, so as to provide a reference for monitoring, early warning, risk analysis, and precise prevention and control of Aedes-borne infectious diseases. Methods Descriptive analyses were performed on Ae. albopictus larvae density data (mosq-ovitrap index, MOI) in 17 sub-districts and towns of Songjiang District of Shanghai from June to October, 2017-2022. ArcGIS 10.8 and SaTScan 10.1.2 softwares were used to conduct spatial autocorrelation analysis and spatiotemporal scanning analysis, respectively. Results In 2017-2022, the density of Ae. albopictus in Songjiang District increased first and then decreased every year, with the peak in July and August. The top three regions by annual average density were Fangsong Sub-district, Sijing Town, and Chedun Town, and residential areas had the highest mosquito density among habitats. Spatial aggregation was found in the density distribution of Ae. albopictus in 2022 (Moran's I=0.139, P=0.047); Ae. albopictus density showed local aggregation in Guangfulin, Yueyang, and Zhongshan sub-districts in 2018, in Guangfulin Sub-district, Yueyang Sub-district, and Dongjing Town in 2021, and in Yueyang, Zhongshan, and Yongfeng sub-districts in 2022; the aggregation hotspots in 2018 were observed in Zhongshan Sub-district and Chedun Town; and the aggregation hotspots in 2022 were observed in Zhongshan Sub-district, Yueyang Sub-district, and Chedun Town. Spatiotemporal scanning analysis indicated a class-Ⅰ gathering area involving Fangsong, Yueyang, Yongfeng, and Zhongshan sub-districts and Chedun Town (log-likelihood ratio was 68.61, relative risk was 2.66, P<0.001). Conclusion The density distribution of Ae. albopictus was gradually aggregating towards central urban areas in Songjiang District from 2017 to 2022, and Fangsong, Yueyang, Yongfeng, and Zhongshan sub-districts and Chedun Town were the main areas of local aggregation.

Objective To investigate and analyze the changes in tick density by time, region, host animal, and habitat based on tick surveillance results in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, China from 2017 to 2019, so as to provide a basis for developing tick prevention and control measures. Methods At six surveillance sites set in Shaoxing, the parasitic ticks were monitored by animal body surface inspection, and the questing ticks were monitored using the drag-flag method. Descriptive statistical analysis method was used to analyze the data. Results For parasitic ticks, the average tick index in Shaoxing from 2017 to 2019 was 0.53; by month, the highest tick index was 0.78 in September, and the lowest was 0.03 in March; by host animal, goats had the highest tick index (0.77), followed by rural dogs (0.21); and by region, the tick index in Shangyu District was the highest (1.59), while no ticks were detected in Yuecheng District. For questing ticks, the average density was 0.90 ticks/flag·100 m; by month, the highest density was 1.63 ticks/flag·100 m in September, and the lowest density was 0.10 ticks/flag·100 m in March; by habitat, the highest density was 6.57 ticks/flag·100 m on rural sloped grassland, followed by 0.09 ticks/flag·100 m around rural natural villages; and by region, the highest densities were in Shangyu District (5.67 ticks/flag·100 m) and Shengzhou (0.02 ticks/flag·100 m). Conclusions In Shaoxing, the density of questing ticks was highest in rural sloped grassland, and the density of parasitic ticks was highest on goats. In the areas with a high incidence of tick-borne diseases, targeted tick control measures should be taken based on the results of surveillance.

Objective To investigate the density, species composition, and seasonal fluctuations of mosquitoes in human settlements and surrounding environments in Liaoning Province, China from 2020 to 2022, so as to provide a basis for effective prevention and control of mosquito-borne diseases. Methods From May to October of 2020 to 2022, mosquitoes were monitored using the light trap method in residential areas, parks, hospitals, rural households, and livestock sheds in 14 cities. The surveillance data were analyzed using Excel 2016, ArcGIS 10.7, and SPSS 27.0 softwares. The Chi-square test was used to compare the composition ratio of mosquito species. The Levene's test was used to assess the homogeneity of variance of mosquito densities by year and by habitat. The Friedman test for multiple paired samples was used to compare their differences between groups. Results From 2020 to 2022, a total of 4 239 mosquito lamps were deployed in Liaoning Province, capturing 238 193 female mosquitoes. Anopheles sinensis was the dominant species, accounting for 40.22 % of the total mosquitoes, followed by Culex pipiens pallens and Aedes dorsalis, accounting for 22.11 % and 20.25 %, respectively. The total mosquito density was 56.19 mosquitoes/light·night. The mosquito densities of 2020-2022 were 45.67, 42.72, and 80.84 mosquitoes/light·night, respectively. The mosquito density of livestock sheds was the highest, reaching 206.48 mosquitoes/light·night, followed by rural households with a density of 17.04 mosquitoes/light·night, and the lowest was in residential areas with a density of 5.25 mosquitoes/light·night. The mosquito density of livestock sheds was highest for all species except for Ae. albopictus, which only appeared in residential areas, parks, and hospitals. Among the surveillance points in the province, Anshan had the highest mosquito density of 215.27 mosquitoes/light·night, followed by Yingkou with 157.28 mosquitoes/light·night, and Dalian had the lowest density of 3.11 mosquitoes/light·night. The overall seasonal fluctuation in mosquito density showed a single-peak curve, reaching the highest in early August with a density of 179.48 mosquitoes/light·night. The seasonality of mosquito density differed significantly between different years ( χ ²=36.440, P<0.001) and between different habitats ( χ ²=26.272, P<0.001). Conclusions An. sinensis, Cx. pipiens pallens, and Ae. dorsalis are the dominant species in human settlements and surrounding environments in Liaoning Province. Mosquito density in rural habitats is high, especially in livestock sheds, which are major breeding sites and need strengthened mosquito control. Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken before the peak period of mosquito activity from June to August, to reduce mosquito density and the risk of mosquito-borne diseases.

Objective To detect knockdown resistance mutations in Aedes albopictus in Weifang,Shandong Province,China,so as to provide a scientific basis for Ae. albopictus control. Methods Aedes larvae were collected using the spoon method in the rural residential areas of five counties/cities/districts of Weifang in July 2022, and after emerging as adults in the laboratory, Ae. albopictus were identified. DNA was extracted from each mosquito for PCR-amplifying and sequencing the fragments of the voltage-gated sodium channel gene. Descriptive statistical analysis method was used for the analysis of knockdown resistance mutations in Ae. albopictus. Results A total of 96 mosquitoes were examined, yielding 192 DNA sequences. The length of sequenced fragments was about 400 bp. The sequencing results revealed mutations at three commonly studied loci of the knockdown resistance gene:1016, 1532, and 1534. The genotypes of the three loci were predominantly wild-type homozygotes followed by wild/mutant heterozygotes and mutant homozygotes. At locus 1016,there were two alleles, wild-type 1016 V (95.31 %) and mutant 1016 G (4.69 %);and there were two genotypes, wild-type homozygous 1016 V/V (90.62 %) and wild/mutant heterozygous 1016 V/G (9.38 %). For locus 1532, there were two alleles, which were wild-type 1532 I (79.17 %) and mutant 1532 T (20.83 %); and there were three genotypes, wild-type homozygous 1532 I/I (61.46 %), wild/mutant heterozygous 1532 I/T (35.42 %), and mutant homozygous 1532 T/T (3.12 %). Three alleles were detected for locus 1534, wild-type 1534 F (85.94 %),mutant 1534 S (1.56 %), and mutant 1534 C (12.50 %); and four genotypes were observed, which were wild-type homozygous 1534 F/F (77.08 %), wild/mutant heterozygous 1534 F/C (17.71 %), mutant heterozygous 1534 S/C (3.13 %), and mutant homozygous 1534 C/C (2.08 %). For the three loci, 10 combinations of the genotypes were observed, and wild-type homozygote combinations were most frequent (36.46 %). Conclusion Mutation in the knockdown resistance of Ae. albopictus in Weifang is frequent and complex, and insecticide resistance levels should be closely monitored to guide the scientific use of insecticides.

Objective To investigate the repellent effects of 19 botanical compounds derived from Oleaceae and Rosaceae on Aedes albopictus by testing their effective protection time alone and in combination in laboratory. Methods Under laboratory conditions, the selected compounds showed the highest repellency rates against Ae. albopictus at a volume concentration of 0.01 among 19 compounds through the close proximity response assay. Next, 2-phenylethanol and dihydrojasmone were tested using the Arm in cage test for their repellency to Ae. albopictus at volume concentrations of 0.064, 0.128, and 0.256. Then 2-phenylethanol (concentration, 0.256) and dihydrojasmone (concentration, 0.256) were mixed at volume ratios of 1:1, 1:4, 4:1, 1:7, 7:1, 1:15, and 15:1 for Ae. albopictus repellency testing. Finally, the mosquito repellents of 2-phenylethanol (concentration, 0.256) and dihydrojasmone (concentration, 0.256) were prepared and tested at volume ratios of 1:15 and 15:1 as the main effective components. The repellent activity of different compounds or combinations against Ae. albopictus was compared by using the independent samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance. Results The repellent rates of 2-phenylethanol and dihydrojasmone both reached 100 % by close proximity response assay. When used alone, 2-phenylethanol and dihydrojasmone showed repellent effects on Ae. albopictus at concentrations of 0.064, 0.128, and 0.256, and their effective protection time differed significantly from that of the control group (all P<0.001). At the concentration of 0.256, the repelling time was significantly different between the mixtures of 2-phenylethanol and dihydrojasmone at different volume ratios ( F=21.457, P<0.001). For repellents with 2-phenylethanol and dihydrojasmone mixed at 15:1 and 1:15, the effective protection time reached 4.50 h and 6.25 h, respectively. Conclusion The combination of 2-phenylethanol and dihydrojasmone shows significant repellent effects on Ae. albopictus, which can be further developed.

Objective To detect changes in the content of total sugar, glycogen, total cholesterol, triglyceride, sorbitol, and trehalose during diapause in the adults and eggs of Aedes albopictus, and to provide a theoretical basis for the study of diapause physiology of Ae. albopictus. Methods Under laboratory conditions, diapause was induced in Ae. albopictus by short sunshine duration and low temperature, and collected female mosquitoes having laid eggs and eggs in the maintenance phase of diapause to measure the content of biochemical substances (total sugar, glycogen, trehalose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and sorbitol) using a microplate reader. The experimental data were analyzed by the unpaired t-test with the use of GraphPad 8.0 software. Results In diapausing Ae. albopictus adults, the levels of total sugar, glycogen, trehalose, sorbitol, triglyceride, and total cholesterol were (21.60±2.21), (28.23±0.16), (6.89±0.28), (21.71±3.89), (52.54±4.98) mg/g和(19.08±1.68) μmol/g, respectively, among which total sugar, glycogen, and sorbitol levels were higher than those of the normal development group (all P<0.05). The levels of total sugar, glycogen, trehalose, and total cholesterol in diapausing eggs were (103.94±8.06), (8.61±1.54), (1.35±0.07) mg/g, and (13.58±0.28) μmol/g, respectively, all higher than those in the normal development group (all P<0.01). Conclusions Ae. albopictus adults and eggs have varying increases in biochemical indices under diapause induction conditions, in which the role of total sugar, glycogen, trehalose, and total cholesterol in dispause physiology in mosquitoes deserve further attention.

Objective To construct the three-dimensional theoretical model of Hq001 protein encoded by a novel gene, Hq001, cloned from a salivary gland cDNA library of Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis, and to evaluate its relationship with tick-derived Kunitz-type anticoagulant proteins. Methods The recombinant plasmid pET-30a- Hq001 was constructed and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) for the expression of Hq001 protein. AlphaFold v2 software was used to predict the tertiary structure of Hq001 amino acid sequence with the signal peptide removed, to obtain a three-dimensional (3D) theoretical model. The 3D theoretical model was optimized through molecular dynamics simulation using the open-source software GROMACS v2023 and evaluated using ANOLEA and MolProbity. Results The recombinant plasmid pET30a- Hq001 was expressed as inclusion bodies in E. coli BL21. Sequence alignment and structure modeling results showed that Hq001 protein had typical double Kunitz-BPTI domains, with a similar sequence and structure to four Kunitz-BPTI-type anticoagulant proteins, such as Bikunin, Boophilin, Ornithodorin, and Ixolaris. Following 1 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulation optimization, the root mean square deviation (RMSD) of the theoretical model attained stability at approximately 3 Å, indicative of convergence to a steady-state conformational ensemble. Concurrently, the most energetically favorable structure within this ensemble, exhibiting a total energy of -207 166 400 kJ/mol, was identified and designated as the final model. Conclusion Hq001 protein has conserved Kunitz-BPTI domains that resemble Boophilin from Rhipicephalus microplus in sequence and structure, indicating that Hq001 protein may have similar structure and function to some known Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitors.

Objective To evaluate and compare the efficacy of polydimethylsiloxane liquid film against the larvae and pupae of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, Aedes albopictus, and Ae. aegypti at different instars under laboratory conditions. Methods Thirty samples each of larvae of different instars and pupae were selected and placed in water containing the liquid film (1 ml/m ²). The growth,development,and death of the larvae or pupae were observed in a laboratory environment or in an artificial incubator at different temperatures. The data were organized and analyzed using Excel 2016 and SPSS 27.0 softwares. The survival curves of larvae or pupae exposed to the liquid film between different groups were compared using the log-rank test. The length of larvae was compared using the independent samples t-test. Results After exposure to the 1 ml/m ² liquid film,the median lethal times for the larvae at Ⅰ-Ⅱinstars of Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus, Ae. albopictus, and Ae. aegypti were 2.67, 7.04, and 6.45 d, respectively; for the larvae at Ⅲ-Ⅳ instars, the values were 0.53,1.64, and 1.71 d, respectively; and for the pupae, the values were 96.68,115.54, and 109.77 min, respectively. After 7 days of rearing, the mean larval lengths for Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus, Ae. albopictus, and Ae. aegypti exposed to the liquid film were (3.28±0.40), (3.17±0.61), and (3.21±0.47) mm, respectively, which were significantly shorter than their respective control groups (all P<0.001). Across the temperatures of 20, 25, 30, and 35 ℃, the mortality rates of larvae in the liquid film groups increased with rising temperatures:the mortality rates on the first day were 66.67 %, 71.11 %, 91.11 %, and 100 % for Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus, respectively; 8.89 %, 30.00 %, 55.56 %, and 81.11 % for Ae. albopictus, respectively; and 14.44 %, 25.56 %, 56.67 %, and 75.56 % for Ae. aegypti, respectively. Conclusions The polydimethylsiloxane liquid film can well control the larvae and pupae of the three mosquito species and impede larval growth and development, and high temperatures can enhance the effectiveness. The polydimethylsiloxane liquid film is suitable for controlling various types of mosquitoes.

Japanese spotted fever (JSF) is a commonly neglected infectious disease,and misdiagnosis and treatment delay are pivotal determinants of adverse outcomes among JSF patients. This paper reviews the genetic and evolutionary characteristics, transmission routes, and hosts of the pathogen Rickettsia japonica as well as the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, laboratory examination, and response strategy of JSF. Although progress has been made in the epidemiological study of this deadly infectious disease in China,information on the nationwide distribution of JSF and tick vectors is lacking. It is necessary to strengthen epidemiological investigation of JSF and surveillance of the hosts and vectors across the country, so as to provide a basis for the prevention and control and clinical diagnosis of the disease.

Marmota himalayana is an endemic species of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and an important part of its ecosystem, which plays a significant role in maintaining the ecological balance of the natural foci of plague. The distribution of marmots is influenced by environmental factors such as climate, soil, and vegetation, thereby determining the distribution and changes of natural plague foci and the risk of associated plague epizootics. In other words, the distribution of geographical landscape elements and the main host animals of plague play a decisive role in the distribution area of natural plague foci. Ecological research on M. himalayana has been widely reported. This paper reviews the research status in China and globally from the aspects of ecological, burrow, and habitat characteristics of M. himalayana, with the aim to improve the understanding of M. himalayana ecology and promote the application of ecology in plague prevention and control.

Objective To explore the field efficacy of single application of S-methoprene against the dengue vector mosquitoes through a systematic literature search, and to put forward relevant suggestions. Methods The Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and VIP Chinese Science Journals Database were searched using keywords including dengue fever and S-methoprene for relevant literature between January, 1974 and January 1, 2023. Results Ten studies were finally included, of which eight were classified as efficacy studies and the remaining two investigated the effectiveness of S-methoprene in semi-field conditions. Screening studies showed that S-methoprene can provide excellent eclosion inhibition, when applied to larvae in target containers, but when used in urban or dengue endemic areas, there was limited evidence to suggest the effectiveness of S-methoprene alone. Conclusions S-methoprene can effectively reduce the number of immature Aedes mosquitoes in containers in a short term, but evidence is not enough to demonstrate that S-methoprene alone can control the dengue vector in a long term. It is necessary to further study the effectiveness of S-methoprene combined with other dengue vector control measures.

Objective To identify whether the Aedes mosquitoes collected in Tumed Left Banner, Hohhot, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China in 2022 were Ae. albopictus. Methods Six suspected Ae. albopictus mosquitoes were captured in adult mosquito surveillance in August 2022. Their morphological features were characterized. Genomic DNA was extracted from three mosquitoes for amplification and sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunitⅠ (COⅠ) gene and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) gene fragments. The sequencing results were aligned with those in GenBank, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining method. Results The body color and foot characteristics of the collected Aedes mosquitoes were consistent with those of Ae. albopictus. The COⅠ and ITS2 alignment results showed the similarities to the sequences of Ae. albopictus were >99.00% and >90.00%, respectively. The phylogenetic tree based on the COⅠ and ITS2 sequences showed that they were all in the same branch as the known Ae. albopictus. Conclusions The Aedes mosquitoes captured in Hohhot in 2022 were morphologically and molecularly identified as Ae. albopictus, and this was the first time that Ae. albopictus was detected in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

Objective To investigate common pathogen infections in small mammals in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China, so as to provide a basis for the prevention and control of rodent-borne diseases. Methods From 2020 to 2022, small mammals were captured using the night cage-trapping method in Zhenhai District, Ninghai County, Cixi and Yuyao cities of Ningbo. The small mammals were identified by morphological method, and their livers, spleens, lungs, and kidneys samples were collected. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR) or reverse transcription-qPCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect four pathogens: Hantavirus, Dabie bandavirus (i.e., Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus), Leptospira, and Orientia tsutsugamushi. The differences in pathogen positive rates in the small mammals between different species, sexes, habitats, districts (counties, cities), and years were compared using the χ ² test or Fisher’s exact test. Results A total of 668 small mammals were captured, of which Rattus norvegicus (24.70%) and Niviventer confucianus (23.65%) were dominant species. The overall positive rate of the four pathogens in the small mammals was 9.43%, of which Hantavirus (all Seoul virus) and Leptospira accounted for 2.84% and 6.89%, respectively. Coinfections with two viruses were found, with a coinfection rate of 0.30%. Neither Dabie bandavirus nor O. tsutsugamushi was detected. There were significant differences in the overall positive rate of pathogens in the small mammals between different species and between different habitats (all P<0.001), but not between different sexes, different years, and different districts (counties, cities) (all P>0.05). Among various small mammal species, the positive rate of Hantavirus was the highest in Mus musculus and in R. norvegicus (10.00% and 8.48%, respectively); the positive rate of Leptospira was the highest in R. losea (15.38%). In different habitats, the positive rate of Hantavirus in small mammals was the highest in key industries (10.84%); the positive rate of Leptospira was the highest in urban residential areas (11.76%). In different districts (counties, cities), the positive rate of Hantavirus in small mammals was the highest in Cixi (9.90%). The positive rates of Leptospira in small mammals in Yuyao and Ninghai were higher, at 10.00% and 9.12%, respectively. Conclusions Infections with pathogens such as Hantavirus and Leptospira in small mammals are found in Ningbo, which pose a potential threat to the health of the local population. Targeted prevention and control measures should be taken to reduce the risk of human infections.

Objective To investigate a cluster epidemic of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in a county in western Hubei Province, China, so as to provide a basis for formulating prevention and control measures for SFTS. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the epidemic combined with clinical and laboratory tests, and Fisher’s exact probability method was applied to compare differences in rates of first-episode cases, with a focus on the risk factors for possible transmission. Results There was 1 index case and 4 subsequent cases, with 2 males and 3 females and ages ranging from 54 to 86 years (median: 64 years). The latency period of subsequent cases was 5 to 13 days,with a mean latency period of 7.75 days. Four of the 7 close contacts who swabbed the body of the index case (exposed to the blood) developed the disease,with a significant difference in the prevalence rate between people with different ways of exposure ( P=0.003). Conclusions This is the first cluster epidemic of SFTS that is transmissible from human to human in the area. Relevant regulatory authorities should disseminate the knowledge of prevention and control of SFTS among the public and strengthen SFTS diagnosis and treatment training among the medical staff. Thus,disease transmission can be effectively controlled and the case fatality rate can be reduced.

Objective To analyze the surveillance data of intercepted medical vectors at Zhongshan Port from 2017 to 2022, and to summarize the law of intercepted medical vectors at Zhongshan Port, so as to provide the reference for the formulation of vector surveillance strategies at the port and prevention of the infectious diseases transmission. Methods Descriptive statistical method was used to analyze the species composition, number, origin, and transportation route of vectors intercepted from inbound cargoes at Zhongshan Port from 2017 to 2022. Results From 2017 to 2022, the vectors intercepted at Zhongshan Port involved 51 species of 5 categories: cockroaches, flies, mosquitoes, rodents, and midges. Among the intercepted cockroaches, Periplaneta americana, P. australasiae, Panchlora nivea, and Blattella germanica accounted for 36.48%, 28.36%, 17.64%, and 13.37% of the total number, respectively. Megaselia scalaris, Musca domestica, Mu. sorbens, and Calliphora vicina accounted for 26.14%, 25.00%, 12.50%, and 11.36% of the total number of intercepted flies, respectively. Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, Aedes togoi, and Ae. albopictus accounted for 85.11%, 7.98%, and 3.72% of the total number of mosquitoes, respectively. Rattus tanezumi was the main rodent species. Culicoides peregrinus was the predominant midge species. The cockroaches were mainly from Guyana, and the flies and mosquitoes were mainly from Hong Kong, China. The vectors were mainly carried into China through raw wood logs, containers, and inbound ships for maintenance. Wood logs carried various organisms, among which cockroaches were most common, with a percentage of 48.41%. Conclusions The intercepted vectors were diverse in species and in the source of origin, and six species were intercepted for the first time across domestic ports, with no domestic distribution, indicating high risks of vector invasion and associated potential public health problem. It is of great significance to further strengthen the detection, identification, surveillance, and control of vectors at ports.

Objective To investigate the impact of quarantine management measures for inbound passengers on dengue fever during the prevention and control of novel coronavirus infection in Hangzhou, China. Methods The information on dengue fever cases from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2022 and the mosquito surveillance data and the number of inbound passengers from 2017 to 2022 in Hangzhou were collected. Excel 2019 software was used to aggregate the data, and R 4.2.0 software was used for statistical analysis. The epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever before and after the implementation of quarantine management measures were compared using the Chi-squared test. The mosquito density surveillance data were compared using repeated-measures analysis of variance. The correlation between the number of inbound passengers and dengue fever cases was investigated using Spearman rank correlation analysis. Results After the implementation of quarantine management measures for inbound passengers from March 26, 2020 to December 31, 2022, a total of 5 imported cases of dengue fever were reported in Hangzhou, and the intensity of the risk of imported transmission was 0, which were significantly lower than those (250 cases, with 4.82 of risk intensity) before the implementation. There were no significant differences in the population characteristics, the season of importation, and the distribution of the source areas of imported dengue fever cases before and after the implementation of quarantine management measures (all P>0.05). After the implementation of quarantine management measures, four imported cases were found at isolation sites and one at a port, while 98.40% (246/250) of cases were found in hospitals before the implementation of quarantine management measures. The time interval between disease onset and diagnosis was significantly shorter than before the implementation of quarantine management measures ( t=2.053, P=0.041). The mean monthly Breteau index and mean monthly net trap index of Aedes mosquitoes during 2017 to 2019 were not significantly different from those during 2020 to 2022 (all P>0.05). The annual number of inbound passengers was positively correlated with the annual numbers of imported cases of dengue fever from 2017 to 2022 ( r=1.000, P=0.003). Conclusions The number of imported cases of dengue fever has decreased significantly after the implementation of quarantine management measures for inbound passengers in Hangzhou. However, there is still a risk of outbreak after lifting the management of inbound passengers.